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Imaging structural plasticity or activity of neurons in the brain circuit will facilitate understanding the neural mechanisms underlying animal behavior. Here we describe a modified procedure, the polished and reinforced thinned-skull cranial window preparation, by which we can image dendrites and spines in mouse layer I cortex for weeks (Zhang et al., 2016). By this method, we also imaged the glioma initiation in the mouse cortex for two weeks in previous work (Zhang et al., 2012), which included the photographs and video for reference.