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Moyamoya is a rare, steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder that often presents as ischemic or hemorrhagic intracerebral events. This review provides an overview of various surgical revascularization techniques used in treating Moyamoya disease including direct, indirect, and combined revascularization, as well as the benefits, drawbacks, and indications of each technique. The future role of novel perioperative preventative methods in the treatment of Moyamoya disease is also discussed.