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<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aimed to compare the calculated running velocity at the anaerobic lactate threshold (cLT_An), determined by a mathematical model for metabolic simulation, with two established threshold concepts (onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA; 4 mmol∙L⁻¹) and modified maximal deviation method (mDmax)). Additionally, all threshold concepts were correlated with performance in different endurance running events. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Ten sub-elite runners performed a 30 s sprint test on a cycle ergometer adjusted to an isokinetic mode set to a cadence of 120 rpm to determine maximal lactate production rate (VLa_max), and a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max). Running velocities at OBLA, mDmax, and cLT_An were then compared with each other, and further correlated with running performance over various distances (3000 m, 5000 m, and 10,000 m). <i>Results</i>: The mean difference in cLT_An was −0.13 ± 0.43 m∙s⁻¹ and −0.32 ± 0.39 m∙s⁻¹ compared to mDmax (<i>p</i> = 0.49) and OBLA (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively. cLT_An indicated moderate to good concordance with the established threshold concepts (mDmax: ICC = 0.87, OBLA: ICC = 0.74). In comparison with other threshold concepts, cLT_An exhibited comparable correlations with the assessed running performances (cLT_An: <i>r</i> = 0.61–0.76, mDmax: <i>r</i> = 0.69–0.79, OBLA: <i>r</i> = 0.56–0.69). <i>Conclusion</i>: Our data show that cLT_An can be applied for determining endurance performance during running. Due to the consideration of individual physiological profiles, cLT_An offers a physiologically justified approach to assess an athlete’s endurance performance.