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Towards a Fast, Open-Path Laser Hygrometer for Airborne Eddy Covariance Measurements
oleh: Felix Witt, Javis Nwaboh, Henning Bohlius, Astrid Lampert, Volker Ebert
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-06-01 |
Deskripsi
Water vapor fluxes play a key role in the energy budget of the atmosphere, and better flux measurements are needed to improve our understanding of the formation of clouds and storms. Large-scale measurements of these fluxes are possible by employing the eddy correlation (EC) method from an aircraft. A hygrometer used for such measurements needs to deliver a temporal resolution of at least 10 Hz while reliably operating in the harsh conditions on the exterior of an aircraft. Here, we present a design concept for a calibration-free, first-principles, open-path dTDLAS hygrometer with a planar, circular and rotationally symmetric multipass cell with new, angled coupling optics. From our measurements, the uncertainty of the instrument is estimated to be below 4.5% (coverage factor k = 1). A static intercomparison between a dTDLAS prototype of the new optics setup and a traceable dew point mirror hygrometer was conducted and showed a systematic relative deviation of 2.6% with a maximal relative error of 2.2%. Combined with a precision of around 1 ppm <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> at tropospheric conditions, the newly designed setup fulfills the static precision and accuracy requirements of the proposed airborne EC hygrometer.