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Introduction: thymic cyst is a condition that sits in the thymus gland. It can be congenital or acquired. Case report: It is presented a male patient who started about a year ago with a wet cough, accompanied by mucous expectoration. In the study performed, a mediastinal cystic lesion was detected and interpreted radiologically as a pleuropericardial cyst; he was operated and the lesion was completely resected by right thoracotomy. The anatomopathological diagnosis reported multilocular thymic cyst. The patient evolved satisfactorily and was discharged on the third post-operative day. Conclusions: cystic lesions of the anterior mediastinum are many times a finding because there are no symptoms until they reach great size. They must be treated surgically, with total resection, to avoid complications inherent to growth and compression and to arrive at a histopathological diagnosis.