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The Loess Plateau is an important source of particulate matter pollution in North China. In order to establish and repair shelterbelts and improve their function of inhibiting wind erosion and dust, four typical shelterbelts (<i>Populus simonii</i>, <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i> Carr., <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i> Carr. × <i>Populus simonii</i> and <i>Caragana korshinskii</i> Kom.) were selected to investigate the inhibition rate of soil wind-erosion and the reduction rates of PM₁, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ by stand type, stand structure and soil properties. A sample plot survey and semi-fixed observation method were used to measure wind speed and particulate matter concentration and to calculate wind protection effect, sand transport rate, vertical flux of particulate matter, wind-erosion inhibition rate and particulate matter reduction rate. The results showed that the <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i> Carr. forest and <i>Caragana korshinskii</i> Kom. forest had the best windproofing effect, at 2 m (82.9% ± 23.8%) and 0.5 m (54.4% ± 21.5%), respectively. The distribution curve of the sediment flux of shelterbelts is a logarithmic function. The wind-erosion inhibition rate and PM₁ reduction rate of the <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i> Carr. forest were significantly greater than those of other stand types (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) shows that the <i>DBH</i> variation coefficient (<i>CV</i>) can effectively explain the reduction rate of PM₁. It is suggested that policies be enacted to add or replace <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i> Carr. forest in polluted areas to prevent wind erosion and dust.