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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Despite significant improvements in the biocompatibility of materials used for tracheal tubes, laryngeal and tracheal lesions as long-term complications of artificial airways continue to be problematic in patients requiring prolonged airway support.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> We present a case of postintubation tracheal stenosis in a 63-year-old woman with a history of dyspnoea on exertion after a relatively short period of intubation. Endoscopic examination performed a few weeks later revealed a tracheal stenosis. Consequently, she underwent a tracheal resection and reconstruction with good overall result.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We highlight the fact that some patients with airway narrowing could be misdiagnosed as having bronchial asthma. The incidence of airway stenosis is relatively low, but a history of artificial airway should always be obtained. Endotracheal tube size and cuff pressure vare considered as two major risk factors for laryngo-tracheal stenosis.</p>