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Foreign object detection is an important part of quality control of electricity meters. An automatic detection device is developed based on acoustic identification. In order to suppress background noise interference, we design a novel sound separation algorithm to separate the mixed sound signals to obtain the target source signal produced by foreign objects. Firstly, the improved principal-component-analysis-based multi-layered nonnegative matrix factorization (PMNMF) is used to separate sound signals. Secondly, the SVM is used to classify and identify sound signals. A suppot vector machine (SVM) as the classifier is used to compare the PMNMF algorithm with the basic NMF algorithm. The results indicate that the sound data pre-processed with the improved NMF algorithm results in a significantly higher identification rate up to about 95%.