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Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a uncommon malignant tumor. The deterioration and metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma bring some difficulties and challenges to the treatment of tumor. In recent years, some progress has been made in the study of esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines. However, there are still many unknown molecular mechanisms in tumor cells, and the differences between esophageal adenocarcinoma cells still need to be further explored. The establishment and development of esophageal adenocarcinoma cell model can be used to study the properties and characteristics of tumor cells, and various tumor cell models provide research tools for the mechanism of esophageal adenocarcinoma pathogenesis, which is conducive to understanding the abnormal expression of genes in tumor cells and the influence factors of microsignaling molecules on tumor proliferation. The 3D-culture of organoid can provide an ideal platform for the study of the heterogeneous properties and microscopic level expression of tumor cells, and provide favorable conditions for the advancement of the study of the properties of tumor cells.