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Many prevalent risk factors are shared by periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Strong evidence sup⁃ ports an independent association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. However, the pathogenic mecha⁃ nisms is not very clear. This article summarizes the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, and the effects of periodontal treatment on the cardiovascular diseases risks. In addition, both direct and indirect mecha⁃ nisms proposed are also elucidated.