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Nitrous oxide emissions from a commercial cornfield (<i>Zea mays</i>) measured using the eddy covariance technique
oleh: H. Huang, J. Wang, D. Hui, D. R. Miller, S. Bhattarai, S. Dennis, D. Smart, T. Sammis, K. C. Reddy
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | Copernicus Publications 2014-12-01 |
Deskripsi
Increases in observed atmospheric concentrations of the long-lived greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) have been well documented. However, information on event-related instantaneous emissions during fertilizer applications is lacking. With the development of fast-response N<sub>2</sub>O analyzers, the eddy covariance (EC) technique can be used to gather instantaneous measurements of N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations to quantify the exchange of nitrogen between the soil and atmosphere. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of a new EC system, to measure the N<sub>2</sub>O flux with the system, and finally to examine relationships of the N<sub>2</sub>O flux with soil temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and fertilization events. An EC system was assembled with a sonic anemometer and a fast-response N<sub>2</sub>O analyzer (quantum cascade laser spectrometer) and applied in a cornfield in Nolensville, Tennessee during the 2012 corn growing season (4 April–8 August). Fertilizer amounts totaling 217 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> were applied to the experimental site. Results showed that this N<sub>2</sub>O EC system provided reliable N<sub>2</sub>O flux measurements. The cumulative emitted N<sub>2</sub>O amount for the entire growing season was 6.87 kg N<sub>2</sub>O-N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Seasonal fluxes were highly dependent on soil moisture rather than soil temperature. This study was one of the few experiments that continuously measured instantaneous, high-frequency N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in crop fields over a growing season of more than 100 days.