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Herein, we successfully designed a ventilation system for a new 350-MW air-cooled turbogenerator based on a reasonable lectotype choice and optimization analysis. Fluid field and thermal analysis based on computational fluid dynamics were performed to guide the optimization of cooling structures and ensure temperature rise under the limit of insulation grade B. The measured values obtained from recent factory assembly-type testing were found to coincide with the design expectations for generator efficiency and temperature rise. The results confirmed the feasibility of a multi-chamber forward-flow cooling path for 400-MVA-class air-cooled generators.