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Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (<i>CYP450s</i>) play a variety of physiological roles, including pesticide resistance, plant allelochemical detoxification, and hormone metabolism catalysis. However, limited information is available on the classification and expression profiles of the <i>CYP450</i> gene family in aphid species. This is the first study to identify the cytochrome P450 gene family in 19 aphid species at the whole genome level. A total of 1100 <i>CYP450</i> genes were identified in 19 aphid species. Three hundred <i>CYP450</i> genes belonged to six cereal crop aphid species, which were further classified into four subfamilies according to the phylogenetic relationship. The conserved motifs, exon-intron structures, and genomic organization of the same subfamilies were similar. Predictions of subcellular localization revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum harbored the majority of CYP450 proteins. In <i>Sitobion avenae</i> and <i>Rhopalosiphum maidis</i>, the increase in the <i>CYP450</i> gene was primarily caused by segmental duplication events. However, only tandem duplication occurred in the <i>CYP450</i> gene family of <i>Diuraphis noxia</i>, <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>, <i>Schizaphis graminum,</i> and <i>Sitobion miscanthi</i>. Synteny analysis found three continuous colinear <i>CYP450</i> gene pairs among six cereal crop aphid species. Furthermore, we obtained the expression profiles of four cereal crop aphids, including <i>R. padi</i>, <i>D. noxia</i>, <i>S. graminum,</i> and <i>S. avenae</i>. Differential expression analysis provided growth stage specificity genes, tissue specificity genes, organ specificity genes and some detoxification metabolic genes among these four cereal crop aphids. Meanwhile, their expression patterns were showed. The related functions and pathways of <i>CYP450s</i> were revealed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Above all, we picked the differentially expressed <i>CYP450</i> genes from all of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These differentially expressed <i>CYP450</i> genes provided some new potential candidates for aphid control and management. This work establishes the foundation for further investigations into the regulatory functions of the <i>CYP450</i> gene family in aphid species and beyond.