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Diesel engine have been applied to transportation due to its high efficiency, high output power, and high reliability. However, the emissions of diesel engines have become a serious problem and various technologies have been applied to reduce such emissions. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a notable potential measure for diesel engine emission control. The research investigated the effect of double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) NTP on diesel engine emission with different discharge voltages and duty ratios. The results shown that CO emission increases as the discharge voltage and duty ratio increases, with a maximum increasing rate of 8.59%. However, NOX, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, VOCs, and PM2.5 emissions reduced, with a maximum reduction rate of 65.97%, 34.65%, 30.73%, 35.94%, and 85.21%, respectively. The research found that NTP can be used to control diesel engine emission, more importantly, it can achieve the reduction of NOX and PM emission simultaneously.