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This paper investigates the influence of different vegetation on the permeability of the shallow soil layers of slopes under rainfall infiltration. Firstly, four large slopes are filled in an outdoor natural environment, and the overburdens of the four slopes are <i>Magnolia multiflora</i>, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, <i>Magnolia multiflora</i> mixed with <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, and no vegetation. Secondly, the four slopes are cultivated in an outdoor natural environment for one year. After the vegetation overburdens are matured, the field artificial rainfall test is carried out through a self-developed artificial rainfall device to monitor the water migration law inside the four slopes in real time. Finally, the unsaturated permeability coefficients of the shallow soil layers of slopes are calculated. The results show that the infiltration rate of rainwater in each overburden slope from fastest to slowest is <i>Magnolia multiflora</i> overburden slope, no vegetation slope, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> overburden slope, and <i>Magnolia multiflora</i> mixed with <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> overburden slope. In the early stage of rainfall, <i>Magnolia multiflora</i> increases the permeability coefficient of the shallow soil layer of the slope, thus weakening the anti-seepage ability of the slope, but the influence of <i>Magnolia multiflora</i> is not obvious in the later stage. <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> and <i>Magnolia multiflora</i> mixed with <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> can significantly reduce the permeability coefficient of the shallow soil layers of the slopes, thereby increasing the anti-seepage ability of the slopes, and the mixed planting of <i>Magnolia multiflora</i> and <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> can minimize the permeability coefficient of the shallow soil of the slope, resulting in the best anti-seepage effect.