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During choriogenesis in insects, chorion (eggshell) is formed by surrounding follicular epithelial cells in ovarioles. However, the regulatory endocrine factor(s) activating choriogenesis and the effect of chemical components on eggshell deserve further exploration. In two representative coleopterans, a coccinellid <i>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata</i> and a chrysomelid <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i>, genes encoding the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) receptor heterodimer, ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP), and two chitin biosynthesis enzymes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) and chitin synthase (ChS1), were highly expressed in ovaries of the young females. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of either <i>HvEcR</i> or <i>Hvusp</i> in <i>H. vigintioctopunctata</i> inhibited oviposition, suppressed the expression of <i>HvChS1</i>, and lessened the positive signal of Calcofluor staining on the chorions, which suggests the reduction of a chitin-like substance (CLS) deposited on eggshells. Similarly, RNAi of <i>LdEcR</i> or <i>Ldusp</i> in <i>L. decemlineata</i> constrained oviposition, decreased the expression of <i>LdUAP1</i> and <i>LdChS1</i>, and reduced CLS contents in the resultant ovaries. Knockdown of <i>LdUAP1</i> or <i>LdChS1</i> caused similar defective phenotypes, i.e., reduced oviposition and CLS contents in the <i>L. decemlineata</i> ovaries. These results, for the first time, indicate that 20E signaling activates choriogenesis in two coleopteran species. Moreover, our findings suggest the deposition of a CLS on the chorions.