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Type III secretion systes are highly conserved among gram-negative plant and animal pathogenic bacteria. Through the type III secretion system, bacteria inject a number of virulence proteins into the host cells. Analysis of the whole genome sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 strain identified a locus, named HopPtoF, that is homologous to the avirulence gene locus avrPphF in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. The HopPtoF locus harbors two genes, ShcFPto and HopFPto, that are preceded by a single hrp box promoter. We present evidence here to show that ShcFPto and HopFPto encode a type III chaperone and a cognate effector, respectively. ShcFPto interacts with and stabilizes the HopFPto protein in the bacterial cell. Translation of HopFPto starts at a rare initiation codon ATA that limits the synthesis of the HopFPto protein to a low level in bacterial cells.