(Sub-)Picosecond Surface Correlations of Femtosecond Laser Excited Al-Coated Multilayers Observed by Grazing-Incidence X-ray Scattering
oleh: Lisa Randolph, Mohammadreza Banjafar, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Carsten Baehtz, Michael Bussmann, Nicholas P. Dover, Lingen Huang, Yuichi Inubushi, Gerhard Jakob, Mathias Kläui, Dmitriy Ksenzov, Mikako Makita, Kohei Miyanishi, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Özgül Öztürk, Michael Paulus, Alexander Pelka, Thomas R. Preston, Jan-Patrick Schwinkendorf, Keiichi Sueda, Tadashi Togashi, Thomas E. Cowan, Thomas Kluge, Christian Gutt, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-06-01 |
Deskripsi
Femtosecond high-intensity laser pulses at intensities surpassing 10<sup>14</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> can generate a diverse range of functional surface nanostructures. Achieving precise control over the production of these functional structures necessitates a thorough understanding of the surface morphology dynamics with nanometer-scale spatial resolution and picosecond-scale temporal resolution. In this study, we show that single XFEL pulses can elucidate structural changes on surfaces induced by laser-generated plasmas using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). Using aluminium-coated multilayer samples we distinguish between sub-picosecond (ps) surface morphology dynamics and subsequent multi-ps subsurface density dynamics with nanometer-depth sensitivity. The observed subsurface density dynamics serve to validate advanced simulation models representing matter under extreme conditions. Our findings promise to open new avenues for laser material-nanoprocessing and high-energy-density science.