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The advances made on genetic influence on response and side effects of psychiatric pharmacotherapy improved the concept of personalized psychiatry. The current evidence suggests that testing can be useful in patients who did not respond or tolerate at least one previous pharmacotherapy. Approximately 90% of all drugs are metabolized by only few different cytochrome enzymes. Pharmacogenetic research has provided important evidence of CYP functional polymorphisms in psychiatric treatment, with numerous studies associating their presence with the variability observed in response to treatment. The study of candidate genes involved in the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants has provided sufficiently strong scientific evidence for clinical applications. These genes encode the cytochrome P450 enzymes and are responsible for the metabolism of antidepressants. Pharmacogenetic testing is thus becoming a useful and increasingly useful tool for antidepressant pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of antidepressant action has been associated with several polymorphisms, located on the gene encoding proteins considered to be involved in the various mechanisms of action of antidepressant treatments.