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Among the popular electrochemical energy storage devices, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted much attention due to their long cycle life, fast charge and discharge, safety, and reliability. Transition metal oxides are one of the most widely used electrode materials in SCs because of the high specific capacitance. Among various transition metal oxides, Co₃O₄ and related composites are widely reported in SCs electrodes. In this review, we introduce the synthetic methods of Co₃O₄, including the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, sol−gel method, thermal decomposition, chemical precipitation, electrodeposition, chemical bath deposition, and the template method. The recent progress of Co₃O₄-containing electrode materials is summarized in detail, involving Co₃O₄/carbon, Co₃O₄/conducting polymer, and Co₃O₄/metal compound composites. Finally, the current challenges and outlook of Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄-containing composites are put forward.