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Nematodes belonging to the genus <i>Capillaria</i> infect a range of domestic and wild animals. <i>Capillaria aerophila</i> and <i>Capillaria boehmi</i> cause respiratory parasitoses in dogs and wild carnivores, e.g., foxes and mustelids, although they are often overlooked in canine clinical practice. The present report describes an unusual case of a severe and mixed infection by <i>C. aerophila</i> and <i>C. boehmi</i> in a privately housed dog that showed acute and life-threatening respiratory and neurological signs. Clinic-pathologic and epizootiological implications are described and discussed.