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This article focuses on the microstructure and mechanism analysis of the novel coating MgO– B2O3–SiO2–Zn prepared by plasma spraying and flame spraying on the SUS304 alloy substrate. Firstly, the crystal compositions of the powders were analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). Secondly, the surface and cross section microstructures of the coating were observed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EPMA (electron probe microanalysis) in order to study the mechanism of the thermal insulation performance. It is concluded that, the microstructure, different thickness and compositions have various effect on heat insulation.