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At present, the cylindrical shell was regarded as the dominating structure in underwater vehicles, which raised the crucial significance to research underwater vehicles’ vibration and acoustic radiation features. In this study, the analytical expression of vibration–acoustic theory had been given according to the derivation with the vibration–acoustic theory of ribless cylindrical shell structure. Meanwhile, the effects of key parameters on vibration–acoustic characteristics are investigated including modulus, density, thickness, loss factor, etc. The research shows that the stiffness and damping of the shell directly affected the vibration of the structure. Furthermore, the performance of vibration attenuation and noise reduction of the shell had been enhanced by increasing the modulus, thickness, and loss factor in materials.