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Recent research shows besides the symptom of tremor, essential tremor (ET) patients also present with motor symptoms such as dysfunction of cerebellum, and non-motor symptoms (NMS) such as cognitive impairment, mood symptoms and loss of hearing. The mechanism of ET remains unclear. The dysfunction of cerebellum, brain stem, red nuclei, thalamus and basal nuclei could be involved in ET. Several loci and genes were identified, which is helpful for the study of mechanism on ET. The therapies of ET include medication and surgery. The botulinum toxin A could be used in the ET patients whose main symptoms are tremor of head, hand and voice. The surgeries include thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation (DBS). DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.08.002