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This study proposes two parameters, including the appearance frequency of harmonics (AFH) and the change in shape of the power spectral density (PSD), which are examined to assess the decline in stiffness of a bridge span. PSDs are obtained from the real vibration signals of the randomized traffic load model based on accelerometer multi-sensors that indicate the change in mechanical behavior of the structure over time. In addition, AFHs evaluate the workability of the structure. With these parameters in mind, actual vibrations in real beam structures are studied with the aim of using structural health monitoring to assess the bearing capacity reduction on Saigon Bridge’s spans. The results show that AFHs and the high-frequency regions relate to the decreased stiffness of the bridge’s spans over a given period of time. In the future, this research can be used to monitor structural health for various types of structure materials and many different bridge spans.