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Hepatic capillariasis is a rare and neglected zoonosis affecting wild and synanthropic small rodents. It is caused by infection with <i>Calodium hepaticum</i> in liver. Despite the worldwide distribution of the host <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> (brown or street rats) in the urban area, the epidemiological status of this parasitosis remains unknown. In the present study, we examined a total of 27 brown rats from the city centre and a garden (four km from the city centre) of Marseille, France. All rats were autopsied and 52% showed the presence of <i>C. hepaticum</i> eggs in the liver. This result draws general attention to public health risks, since street rats are living near the human population.