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<i>Taiwania flousiana (T. flousiana</i>) Gaussen is a precious wood in the family Taxodiaceae. This study investigated the chemical components of the essential oil from the stem bark of <i>T. flousiana</i> and its algicidal, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Sixty-nine compounds representing 89.70% of the stem bark essential oil were identified by GC-MS. The essential oil showed strong anti-algae, anti-bacteria, and anti-fungus activities against the tested species, and antioxidant activities. The IC₅₀ values of the essential oil against chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the total chlorophyll of <i>Spirogyra communis</i> (a species of algae), 24&#8722;96 h after the treatment, ranged from 31.77 to 84.92 &#956;g/mL, while the IC₅₀ values of butachlor ranged from 40.24 to 58.09 &#956;g/mL. Ultrastructure changes revealed by the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the main algicidal action sites were the chloroplast and cell wall. The essential oil showed antifungal activities on <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> (EC₅₀ = 287.94 &#956;g/mL) and <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioiles</i> (EC₅₀ = 378.90 &#956;g/mL). It also showed bactericidal activities on <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, with zones of inhibition (ZOIs) being 18.66 and 16.75 mm, respectively at 40 &#956;g/disk. Additionally, the essential oil possessed antioxidant activity estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method (IC₅₀ = 33.51 &#956;g/mL; IC₅₀ value of the positive control ascorbic acid was 7.98 &#956;g/mL). Thus, the essential oil of this plant might be used as a possible source of natural bioactive molecules in agrochemical industry as well as in food and cosmetic industries.