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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ATRA (all trans retinoic acid), vitamin D3, and their combination on circulating levels of miR (MicroRNA) -125a-5p, miR-126, and miR-34ain diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Total miRNA was extracted from plasma samples. miRNA expression profiles of 30 rats in five groups were analyzed after 4-week intervention. The expression levels of miRNAs were measured using qRT-PCR.Results: We analyzed the expression of miR-126, miR-125a-5p, and miR-34a in serum among all five groups (p=0.268). The levels of miRNA-126 (p=0.004) and miR-125a-5p (p=0.014) showed a significant difference among our experimental groups. The circulating levels of miR-126 decreased in DC (Diabetic control) group compared to the HC (Healthy control) group (p=0.009). In addition, vitamin D3+ATRA supplementation increased miR-126 expression (p=0.014). Moreover, the levels of miR-125a-5p decreased in the DC group compared to the HC group (p=0.019).Conclusion: The expression of miR-126 and miR-125a-5p decreased in diabetic rats. Also, vitamin D3+ATRA can be considered a new therapeutic agent that can elevate miR-126 expression and prevent diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.