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Bogdan Petriceicu Haşdeu (1838-1907) was a historian, a philologist, an economist, a poet and a politician from Bessarabia, a descendent of a family of scholars. He was one of the most representative Romanian personalities of the 19th century. In his economic works he discussed the issues of Romania’s economic development, both from an industrial and an agricultural viewpoint. As far as doctrine is concerned, he was a supporter of protectionism. The aim of the paper is to identify the specific characteristics of Haşdeu’s economic thinking and to analyze his main ideas from a historical point of view.