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The influence of the rolling reduction rate on the microstructure filling behaviour of the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy was investigated. We measured the forming height of the microstructure under different process parameters and used scanning electron microscopy to capture the surface topography and analysed the appearance of cracks and holes. In the process of rolling, the filling height of the 2024 aluminum alloy increases with the increase of the reduction rate, and the forming quality of the surface microstructure deteriorates with the increase of the reduction rate, and more microcracks and holes appear on the surface of the microstructure, and these defects are formed because of the introduction of additional tensile stress due to the uneven deformation.