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A series of laboratory tests were performed to investigate the influences of specimen preparation on pore size distribution of soil and saturated hydraulic conductivity (). Nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to measure the pore size distribution of the saturated samples of silty soil, which were prepared by three different kinds of methods: Proctor compaction, static compaction, and the consolidation method. The of the samples was measured by the falling head permeability test. The results show that the difference in caused by different specimen preparations can be large as one order of magnitude, as the measured varied from 3.09 × 10 to 3.36 × 10 cm s. The consolidated specimen tended to have the greatest value, followed by those prepared by Proctor compaction and static compaction. The observed difference highlights the importance of pore structure in determining . This study also presents a pore-information-based theoretical approach for predicting . A comparison of measured data shows that the proposed model performs better than the traditional void-ratio-based models.