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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Populus tremula was characterized from Illumina pair-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome of P. tremula was 156,862 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 84,971 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 16,605 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,640 bp. The overall GC content is 30.69%, while the correponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 64.5%, 69.3%, and 60.1%, respectively. The genome contains 131 complete genes, including 86 protein-coding genes (62 protein-coding gene species), 37 tRNA genes (29 tRNA species) and 8 rRNA genes (4 rRNA species). The Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis showed that P. tremula and Populus davidiana clustered together as sisters to other Populus species.