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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> HW1 on growth performance, intestinal immune response, barrier function, and cecal microflora of broilers with necrotic enteritis. In total, 180 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly allocated into three groups comprising a non-infected control (NC) group, basal diet + necrotic enteritis challenge (NE) group, and basal diet + 4 × 10⁶ CFU/g <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> HW1 + necrotic enteritis challenge (HW1) group. Broilers in the NE and HW1 groups were orally given sporulated coccidian oocysts at day 14 and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> from days 19 to 21. The results showed that the HW1 treatment increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the average daily gain of broilers from days 15 to 28 and from days 0 to 28 compared with the NE group. Moreover, the HW1 treatment decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the oocysts per gram of excreta, intestinal lesion scores, ileal interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels, and serum <i>D</i>-lactic acid and diamine oxidase levels, while increasing (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the ileal IL-10 level, thymus index, and protein expressions of ileal occludin and ZO-1. Additionally, the HW1 treatment decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the jejunal and ileal villus height, jejunal villus height/crypt depth value, and cecal harmful bacterial counts (<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>), and increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the cecal <i>Lactobacillus</i> count. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 4 × 10⁶ CFU/g <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> HW1 could relieve necrotic enteritis infection-induced intestinal injury and improve growth performance in broilers by improving intestinal barrier function and regulating intestinal microbiology.