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Kidney biopsies obtained from 3 days – 12 years children with congenital hydronephrosis during nephrectomy operation were investigated under the light microscopy in our study. Also we did immunohistochemical reactions. The aim of our study was to reveal the growth factor influence on maturation and vascularisation of kidney parenchyma. We showed, that the low VEGF expression in association with higher expression of TGF-β1 and its receptors – R1 and R2 – on different structures of nonfunctioning or hypoplastic kidneys in children might be a criterion of abnormal angio- and nephrogenesis.