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AIM:To study the distribution of the dominant eye in people with myopia and astigmatism and the relationship between dominant eye and the two. <p>METHODS:Three hundred and eighty patients who went our hospital for optometry consecutively were enrolled, using hole-in-card method to detect the dominant eye. The records of age, gender, vision acuity and other related information were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 software. <p>RESULTS: 1)Most of the dominant eyes were right eyes which accounted for 66.84%, and the ametropia degree on right eyes was relatively higher; 2)Dominant eyes had no significant association with gender, age and uncorrected vision acuity(<i>P</i>>0.05); 3)There was no significant correlation between the dominant eyes and ametropia degree(<i>P</i>>0.05). But in the group which the difference of cylinder degree between two eyes were ≥1D, only 20% of the dominant eyes had higher ametropia degree, which was different from the other two groups. <p>CONCLUSION:High cylinder of anisometropia may affect the choice of the dominant eye. High sphere of anisometropia may be the result of the choice of dominant eye.