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The U. S. Cotton Research Station at Shafter is the focal point for research on cotton variety improvement by USDA researchers with the cooperation of University scientists. This continually expanding research has already improved techniques for testing and seed multiplication, widened the genetic base of the material being used, increased yield and quality of Acala 4–42, and developed new Acala strains. Future basic research in genetics, breeding methodology, and gene transfer phases is aimed at reducing costs for producers and transforming California cotton fields into efficient, factory-like operations.