Find in Library

The liver fluke <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> is an economically important global pathogen of humans and their livestock. To facilitate host invasion and migration, <i>F. hepatica</i> secretes an abundance of cathepsin peptidases but prevents excessive damage to both parasite and host tissues by co-secreting regulatory peptidase inhibitors, cystatins/stefins and Kunitz-type inhibitors. Here, we report a vaccine strategy aimed at disrupting the parasite’s protease/anti-protease balance by targeting these key inhibitors. Our vaccine cocktail containing three recombinant stefins (rFhStf-1, rFhStf-2, rFhStf-3) and a Kunitz-type inhibitor (rFhKT1) formulated in adjuvant Montanide 61VG was assessed in two independent sheep trials. While fluke burden was not reduced in either trial, in Trial 1 the vaccinated animals showed significantly greater weight gain (<i>p</i> < 0.05) relative to the non-vaccinated control group. In both trials we observed a significant reduction in egg viability (36–42%). Multivariate regression analyses showed vaccination and increased levels of IgG2 antibodies specific for the <i>F. hepatica</i> peptidase inhibitors were positive indicators for increased weight gain and levels of haemoglobin within the normal range at 16 weeks post-infection (wpi; <i>p</i> < 0.05). These studies point to the potential of targeting peptidase inhibitors as vaccine cocktails for fasciolosis control in sheep.