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The process of urbanization in the world has improved the quality of people's lives, and has also intensified ecological and environmental problems. Mountain cities are an integral part of the urban ecosystem, and the development of cities is supported by various ecological services provided by the municipal ecosystem. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the mountain environmental factors that affect the urban ecosystem. The mountain urban ecosystem has more and more complex regional environments and environmental characteristics. Therefore, this article analyzes the municipal ecosystem based on the application of big data, which can provide decision-making directions for city managers and facilitate the development of urbanization. Research on ecosystem services in mountainous cities is compatible with the promotion and improvement of mountainous city planning and management methods. At the same time, this article takes the traditional beauty poems described in Tang poems as examples, and uses the richly poetic landscape perspective to study the natural landscape environment more deeply. The study of natural ecology from a new perspective has further accelerated the pace of research on natural ecosystems, which is conducive to the development of natural landscape environments, provides support for the construction and depth of modern landscape environments, and has a positive impact on the natural ecological landscape of buildings. Through the research of mountain environment factors based on the application of big data, this paper applies it to the study of natural ecology in Tang poetry, thereby promoting the development of the ecological environment.