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NO<sup>●</sup> Represses the Oxygenation of Arachidonoyl PE by 15LOX/PEBP1: Mechanism and Role in Ferroptosis
oleh: Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska, Tamil S. Anthonymuthu, Anastasia Levkina, Indira H. Shrivastava, Alexandr A. Kapralov, Hülya Bayır, Valerian E. Kagan, Ivet Bahar
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-05-01 |
Deskripsi
We recently discovered an anti-ferroptotic mechanism inherent to M1 macrophages whereby high levels of NO<sup>●</sup> suppressed ferroptosis via inhibition of hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (HpETE-PE) production by 15-lipoxygenase (15LOX) complexed with PE-binding protein 1 (PEBP1). However, the mechanism of NO<sup>●</sup> interference with 15LOX/PEBP1 activity remained unclear. Here, we use a biochemical model of recombinant 15LOX-2 complexed with PEBP1, LC-MS redox lipidomics, and structure-based modeling and simulations to uncover the mechanism through which NO<sup>●</sup> suppresses ETE-PE oxidation. Our study reveals that O<sub>2</sub> and NO<sup>●</sup> use the same entry pores and channels connecting to 15LOX-2 catalytic site, resulting in a competition for the catalytic site. We identified residues that direct O<sub>2</sub> and NO<sup>●</sup> to the catalytic site, as well as those stabilizing the esterified ETE-PE phospholipid tail. The functional significance of these residues is supported by in silico saturation mutagenesis. We detected nitrosylated PE species in a biochemical system consisting of 15LOX-2/PEBP1 and NO<sup>●</sup> donor and in RAW264.7 M2 macrophages treated with ferroptosis-inducer RSL3 in the presence of NO<sup>●</sup>, in further support of the ability of NO<sup>●</sup> to diffuse to, and react at, the 15LOX-2 catalytic site. The results provide first insights into the molecular mechanism of repression of the ferroptotic Hp-ETE-PE production by NO<sup>●</sup>.