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Abstract. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the current standard treatment for myocardial infarction, but is associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury for which inflammation is an important part. This review summaries the recent findings in the study of pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways (eg, TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB, MAPKs/NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, JAK2/STAT3, and Nrf2/HO-1) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, as well as relevant drug development efforts. Despite of the vast body of literature, no concrete advances have been made in translating the new knowledge into clinical practice, but we do anticipate major breakthroughs in the foreseeable future.