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The guerrilla warfare conducted by the miguelistas in the Algarve constitutes a surprising phenomenon due to its long duration. The contradictions between those living in the mountains and those by the coast were a decisive factor, creating two opposing blocks, in a vast confronting area. A strong feeling of identity between the populations of the mountain range and a leadership capable of mobilizing them allowed the emergence of an important social movement, once the circumstances of civil war offered a favourable opportunity. This study demonstrates the need of studying civil wars in their diversity: the different civil wars that compose the Civil War.