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<i>Ligustrum robustum</i> has been not only used as a heat-clearing and detoxicating functional tea (Ku-Ding-Cha) but also consumed as a hypotensive, anti-diabetic, and weight-reducing folk medicine. From the leaves of <i>L. robustum</i>, ten new monoterpenoid glycosides named ligurobustosides T₁₀ (<b>1a</b>), T₁₁ (<b>1b</b>), T₁₂ (<b>2a</b>), T₁₃ (<b>2b</b>), T₁₄ (<b>3a</b>), T₁₅ (<b>3b</b>), F₁ (<b>4b</b>), T₁₆ (<b>5a</b>), T₁₇ (<b>5b</b>), and E₁ (<b>6b</b>), together with five known ones (<b>4a</b>, <b>6a</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>8a</b>, <b>8b</b>), were separated and identified using the spectroscopic method and chemical method in this research. The results of biological tests exhibited that the fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitory action of compound <b>5</b> (IC₅₀: 4.38 ± 0.11 μM) was as strong as orlistat (IC₅₀: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), a positive control; the α-glucosidase inhibitory actions of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> and <b>7</b>–<b>8</b>, and the α-amylase inhibitory actions of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b> were medium; the ABTS radical scavenging capacities of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> and <b>5</b>–<b>8</b> (IC₅₀: 6.27 ± 0.23 ~ 8.59 ± 0.09 μM) were stronger than <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC₅₀: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM) served as a positive control. This research offered a theoretical foundation for the leaves of <i>L. robustum</i> to prevent diabetes and its complications.