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The etiology of cardiovascular disease is very complex, it is the result of the combined various adverse factors such as environmental factors and genetic factors. As the main cause of cardiovascular system diseases, hyperlipidemia is inseparable from dietary patterns. Gut microbes and their metabolites are closely related to cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. In addition, the intestinal microbe is also highly susceptible to the influence of diet culture and surrounding environment. This review reveals the factors that affecting the intestinal microecology and the mechanisms of hyperlipidemia and related interventions.