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MicroRNAs modulate a variety of cellular events, including skeletal muscle development, but the molecular basis of their functions in fetal bovine skeletal muscle development is poorly understood. In this study, we report that bta-miR-24-3p promotes the myogenic differentiation of fetal bovine PDGFR&#945;^- progenitor cells. The expression of bta-miR-24-3p increased during myogenic differentiation. Overexpression of bta-miR-24-3p significantly promoted myogenic differentiation, but inhibited proliferation. A dual-luciferase assay identified <i>ACVR1B</i> as a direct target of bta-miR-24-3p. Similarly, knocking down <i>ACVR1B</i> by RNA interference also significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted the differentiation of bovine PDGFR&#945;^- progenitor cells. Thus, our study provides a mechanism in which bta-miR-24-3p regulates myogenesis by inhibiting <i>ACVR1B</i> expression.