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Cerebral dominancy is well known on laterality; however, histological analysis of vertebral artery dominance has not been adequately studied. It was aimed to investigate the relationship between the dominant vertebral artery and hand preference. In this study, which fifteen male rabbits were examined, paw preference was evaluated with a food-reaching test. Vertebral artery samples just entering to the cranium were obtained from right- and left-pawed rabbits to evaluate luminal surface values histologically. Handedness preferences and vertebral arteries lumen surface values were compared statistically using the MannWhitney U test. As a result of the measurements made, the vertebral artery on the side with a larger diameter was accepted as dominant. The larger lumen surface values were found in the left vertebral artery than in the right vertebral artery in right-handed rabbits and vice versa. The mean lumen surface values of the left/right vertebral arteries were 0.395±0.068 / 0.305±0.034 mm2 in the right-pawed animals (p [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 596-9]