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Leptin is the satiety hormone, synthesized in the adipose tissue that reduces food intake, being involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Hyperleptinemia correlates with obesity and represents a risk factor in the pathology of the cardiovascular system. Increased concentrations of leptin have been observed in patients with hypertension or atherosclerosis. In vitro studies suggest the angiogenic role of leptin. The purpose of this review is to present the metabolic effects of hyperleptinemia in the cardiovascular system.