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Combustion characteristics and thermal dynamic characteristics of blends of inferior coal and core plywood under different oxygen-enriched atmospheres were investigated using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. According to the results, with increasing oxygen concentration, TG and DTG curves tended to move to a lower temperature region. The comprehensive combustion characteristic index SM was first proposed in this work, suggesting that the enriched oxygen concentration can significantly improve the combustion conditions. Apparent activation energies were also put into the calculation and analysis, which showed that the apparent activation energy increases with an increasing oxygen concentration. The factor Fc was defined for the first time, and it was found that Fc can represent the temperature at which combustion can proceed under the same blend ratio condition.