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Steam stripping of ammonia from ammonia-rich wastewater (5000–20,000 mg/L) was conducted in a continuous-flow rotating packed bed (RPB) at a pH of 11. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of key operational parameters, including the steam-to-liquid ratio, rotational speed (ω), initial ammonia concentration, steam inlet temperature (T_Si), and liquid inlet temperature (T_Li), on critical performance metrics such as the ammonia removal efficiency (ARE), the volumetric liquid mass transfer coefficient (K_La), and the concentration of the recovered ammonia solution (C_R). The findings revealed that a C_R of 22.88 wt.% was achieved under the optimal conditions of a steam-to-liquid ratio of 0.175 kg/kg, an initial concentration of 20,000 mg/L, a T_Si of 120 °C, and a T_Li of 70 °C. Key experimental factors, including the initial ammonia concentration, T_Si, and T_Li, significantly impacted the achievement of higher ARE and C_R values. The K_La values exhibited a decrease with the increase in the steam-to-liquid ratio, while they increased with ω. However, the K_La remained relatively consistent with ω values within the range of 600 to 1200 rpm. In comparison with prior studies, steam stripping of ammonia exhibits a higher ARE than air stripping with RPB and a higher C_R than conventional stripping methods. Moreover, RPB requires a smaller size to achieve equivalent ARE compared to conventional stripping apparatuses. Thus, the steam stripping process with RPB equipment emerges as a suitable method for ammonia recovery from ammonia-rich wastewater.