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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Purpose:</strong> To<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>evaluate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>relationship<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between histological<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>grade<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>apoptotic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>index (AI)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>transitional<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cell<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>carcinoma<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(TCC) of urinary bladder.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Formalin-fixed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>paraffin-embedded<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tissue<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>blocks<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from 75<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>patients<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TCC, who undergone<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>transurethral<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>resection (TUR)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>studied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One 3-micron section was provided from each TUR samples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>section<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>after<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hematoxylin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>eosin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(H&E)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>staining,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tumor grade<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was determined<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>according<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>World Health Organization/International Society of Urology and Pathology (WHO/ISUP)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>criteria.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>apoptotic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cells<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>determined<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>using<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>terminal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>deoxynucleotidyl<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>transferase (TdT)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mediated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dUTP<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>biotin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nick<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>end<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>labeling (TUNEL)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>technique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apoptotic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>index<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>then<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>obtained<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>percent<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TUNEL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>positive<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cells<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>observations<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>least<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cells<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>each<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>section.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Results:</strong> Forty-nine patients were men and 26 were women.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mean age was 56.34?9 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mean AI was 2.30?0.50.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The relationship between grade and AI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was significant (p=0.000, r=0.551); a higher grade was associated with a higher AI. </span></span></p><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";;"> Apoptosis index has a positive correlation with bladder TCC’s grade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Further studies are needed to better determine the effect of apoptosis index on prognosis.</span>