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Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a cellulose derivative, is a versatile biopolymer with promising applications in different areas. The carboxymethyl cellulose-based composites possess excellent properties, namely easy availability, easy synthesis, high viscosity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, water-solubility, easy structural modifications, tissue resemblance, low cost, and non-toxicity, have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. It is widely employed in a wide range of biological and pharmacological applications. This review paper describes applications of CMC-based in different applications and proposes them as a green alternative to conventional polymers for future sustainable development.